Drug repurposing is emerging as a powerful strategy to accelerate therapeutic innovation by unlocking new clinical opportunities for medicines with established pharmacological knowledge. Disease-Oriented Drug Repurposing Strategies presents a contemporary perspective that moves beyond conventional drug-centered repositioning toward a systematic, disease-focused approach guided by disease biology, molecular mechanisms, therapeutic vulnerabilities, and unmet clinical needs. The volume brings together complementary perspectives on drug repurposing, drug repositioning, precision medicine, artificial intelligence, computational drug discovery, multi-omics, mechanism-based strategies, metabolic targeting, therapy resistance, and precision oncology. It explores how computational pipelines and AI can support candidate identification, how multi-omics can link complex disease signatures to existing pharmacological assets, and how disease-specific mechanisms can reveal new therapeutic opportunities across cancer, inflammatory disorders, and skin diseases. Particular attention is given to challenging therapeutic settings, including breast cancer, lung cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, castration-resistant prostate cancer, and precision oncology. By connecting disease-oriented thinking with computational, systems-level, and mechanism-based approaches, this book provides a framework for researchers and clinicians seeking to understand where repurposing strategies are heading and how they may complement conventional drug discovery. Its multidisciplinary perspective makes it a valuable resource for pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical scientists, computational researchers, clinicians, and students interested in translating existing therapeutic knowledge into new solutions for unmet medical needs.