This book, Cotton - New Farming Practices and Products, features updated reviews and research efforts by scientists exploring modern cotton science, farming, and production. The chapters from international scientific groups highlight emerging research directions in cotton science, including genome editing techniques, digital innovations, smart irrigation, and precision farming practices that enhance cotton production. Readers gain insights into new developments in cotton textiles and the value-added chain in cotton production, as well as composites derived from cotton wastes. This book is expected to serve as a valuable resource, offering insights into cotton agricultural practices, environmental considerations, scientific innovations, and the global cotton market in the context of climate change and technological progress.