This book consists of three major sections. The first section comprises two chapters that focus on the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of liver cancer. The second section comprises three chapters that summarize the roles of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. The third section comprises three chapters that comprehensively review the contemporary understanding of liver metastasis, combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma, gut microbiota, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These chapters are potentially useful for clinicians to improve the management of liver cancer in clinical practice and for researchers to design future studies.