Triticum – The Pillar of Global Food Security provides a comprehensive and timely examination of the scientific, agronomic, and socio-economic factors influencing the future of wheat. As the backbone of global food systems, wheat must adapt to a changing climate, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses, and growing demands for sustainability and nutritional security. This edited volume explores cutting-edge approaches in integrated pest management, genetic improvement, stress resilience, and sustainable crop practices, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. It examines the intersection of wheat breeding, phenology, climate adaptation, food safety, and biofortification through the lens of emerging technologies, including genome editing and next-generation sequencing. The book also addresses broader themes such as green capitalism, circular economy in agriculture, and the critical role of wheat in combating hidden hunger. With a global perspective and interdisciplinary approach, this volume is an essential resource for anyone interested in advancing sustainable wheat production and enhancing food security in an era of rapid environmental and demographic change.