This book offers a comprehensive, authoritative overview of contemporary research in radiation measurement and control, highlighting the latest advances in instrumentation, detection technologies, and analytical methods. It bridges fundamental principles and applied techniques, giving readers a clear understanding of radiation–matter interactions, high-performance detector development, and state-of-the-art measurement strategies for scientific, medical, and industrial applications. Combining precision with practical relevance, the book offers innovative materials, cutting-edge photodetectors, and advanced methodologies that enable accurate, reliable radiation monitoring under extreme conditions. By integrating methodological insights with practical perspectives and applied analyses, this volume serves as an essential reference for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to enhance safety and control performance and to address emerging challenges in radiation measurement technologies.