High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) remains one of the most versatile and indispensable analytical techniques for separating, identifying, and quantifying compounds in complex matrices. Ongoing advances in chromatographic theory, column technology, instrumentation, detection systems, and method development are continuously expanding the scope and performance of HPLC, enabling the solution of increasingly challenging analytical problems across a broad range of scientific disciplines. This book provides an up-to-date overview of recent developments in HPLC, covering both innovative separation principles and practical applications in environmental, food, and pharmaceutical analysis. Emphasis is placed on emerging methodologies, advanced analytical strategies, and modern approaches for the characterization of complex samples, illustrating how recent technological and methodological innovations are shaping the future of liquid chromatography. By combining fundamental concepts with real-world applications, the book offers readers valuable insights into current trends and future directions in separation science. It is intended for researchers, analytical chemists, graduate students, and professionals working in academia, industry, and regulatory laboratories who seek a comprehensive and accessible reference on contemporary HPLC methods and applications. Combining methodological innovation with application-oriented perspectives, this book offers an authoritative and timely reference for anyone interested in the continuing evolution of high-performance liquid chromatography and its role in addressing current and future analytical challenges.