Soybeans are an economically important crop in global agriculture, contributing significantly to food security, nutritional sustainability, industrial applications, and climate-resilient farming systems. Soybean Science and Sustainability - Productivity, Climate Resilience, and Smart Agriculture presents a comprehensive overview of modern soybean research by integrating advances in sustainable crop production, stress tolerance mechanisms, precision agriculture, and socioeconomic adoption strategies. This edited volume highlights innovative approaches to contemporary agricultural challenges, including climate variability, soil health management, resource-use efficiency, digital farming technologies, and data-driven decision-making. Emphasizing key themes including sustainable soybean production, climate adaptation, salinity tolerance, remote sensing, machine learning applications, and smart agriculture, the book bridges fundamental science with practical agricultural solutions. It provides valuable insights into improving productivity while ensuring environmental sustainability and economic viability for farming communities. Designed for researchers, academicians, students, agronomists, policymakers, and professionals in agricultural sciences, this volume serves as an essential reference for understanding the future of soybean cultivation within sustainable and technology-enabled agricultural systems. By combining scientific knowledge with emerging innovations, the book supports the development of resilient cropping systems capable of meeting global food and sustainability demands.