This book seeks to provide comprehensive, detailed examinations of ocean dynamics, with a specific focus on variability, hydrological cycles, and sea-level change. These phenomena are of critical significance to agriculture, economic systems, and marine ecosystems alike. As global greenhouse gas emissions continue their steady rise, they exert a profound influence on sea levels and the hydrological cycle, triggering a cascade of interconnected changes. In turn, these changes have wide-ranging consequences, including shifts in agricultural patterns, fluctuations in economic activity, and disruptions to marine ecosystems. Furthermore, while climate models can simulate patterns of sea-level change, inherent biases persist. Enhancing the accuracy of these model simulations will be instrumental in improving seasonal-to-interannual predictions of both the hydrological cycle and sea-level change. Concurrently, monitoring sea level change across global marginal seas and coastal regions is essential for fully understanding the extent of climate change and for formulating effective strategies to mitigate its impacts.

The book will center on (but not be limited to) key themes such as sea level change, hydrological cycles, and climate variability. It systematically covers foundational concepts of sea level, mesoscale ocean processes, and current variability derived from in situ observations. Additionally, it explores critical topics, including hydrodynamic changes and navigation risks induced by sea-level rise; the implications of sea-level rise for food security, One Health, and climate resilience; and case studies focused on the Baixada Maranhense and the Brazilian Legal Amazon.

This volume is an indispensable resource for libraries, classrooms where sea-level change is taught, and general readers interested in ocean dynamics. Through its interdisciplinary framework, it serves as a vital reference for researchers, policymakers, educators, and activists dedicated to addressing climate change challenges related to hydrological cycles and sea-level change. Together, we can work toward shaping a sustainable future, one built on collaboration, knowledge, and resilience.