The field of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis has undergone impressive advancement, mainly due to the advent of modern high-throughput genotyping technologies and the emergence of innovative algorithms and computational methods, leading to exciting applications in human health. This book presents fundamental and recent aspects of SNP analysis techniques and applications in the new era of precision medicine. It includes six chapters that discuss a panoply of advanced aspects related to the clinical relevance of SNP analysis in diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive values in human health.