This book serves as a lighthouse of knowledge and hope in a world beset by the intensifying global water crisis. It undertakes a thorough exploration of the vanguard desalination technologies. Highlighting the solar-driven interfacial and heat-localized evaporation techniques that efficiently tap into solar energy, it also investigates membrane separation processes and adsorbents, which are constantly pushing the frontiers of desalination. The incorporation of machine learning for optimizing porous media evaporation and the vital element of desalinated seawater re-mineralization are comprehensively covered. Additionally, it offers profound insights into performance indices and the role of artificial intelligence in augmenting desalination systems. This book provides a distinctive perspective by integrating state-of-the-art research with real-world applications. It equips a wide range of readers, engineers, researchers, or policymakers with the understanding and impetus necessary to innovate in desalination. Truly, it is an indispensable resource for those committed to resolving the global water scarcity issue and driving the progress of securing future water utilization in the world.