Advances in Pleural Diseases - Molecular and Surgical Perspectives presents a contemporary overview of pleural disorders through the combined lenses of biology, diagnostics, and minimally invasive thoracic surgery. As the understanding of pleural disease continues to expand, the integration of molecular insights, pleural biomarkers, advanced imaging, and video-assisted thoracoscopic techniques has transformed both diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategy. This volume explores the biological foundations of pleural pathology while addressing the clinical management of benign, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant pleural conditions. Surgical innovation is examined in the context of modern VATS-based approaches, reflecting a shift toward less invasive, more targeted interventions. By bridging pathophysiology with contemporary clinical practice, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspective for pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and trainees. Clear conceptual synthesis, clinical relevance, and integration of molecular and surgical advances make this volume a valuable reference for navigating the evolving landscape of pleural disease management.