The book is dedicated to one of the favorite plants, the fruits of which are widely used by people, the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. Of great interest to readers will be information about the global tomato yield, as well as the methods being developed to control biotic and abiotic stresses (insect pests, bacteria, fungi, and viruses) in order to achieve high yields. The main pests of tomatoes are described in detail. Agromorphological, biotechnological, physical, and pharmaceutical methods for combating pathogens are proposed, along with progressive pathogen clearance techniques to enhance the post-harvest shelf life of tomato fruits for both market and domestic use. Interesting time data on the origin of tomatoes, their transportation routes in the Middle Ages, and people's attitudes towards these fruits are presented. Of great interest are the selection paths that led to modern high-yielding varieties with a high content of sugars, lycopene, vitamins, and other beneficial substances, developed by biologists and nature enthusiasts who have worked on these wonderful fruits. Innovative methods for improving tomato productivity are presented in detail, including biotechnological, genetic, cellular, and in vitro technologies. The book presents colorful images of unique tomato varieties, as well as technologies for obtaining new plants through the cultivation of isolated cells and tissues. The book is of interest to a wide range of readers, including young students, biotechnological specialists, and agricultural workers.